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Cardiovascular disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Enrique M Velasquez1, D Luke Glancy

  • 1Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.

The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society : Official Organ of the Louisiana State Medical Society
|January 31, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular issues are rising in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients due to longer lifespans and treatments. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves outcomes but may accelerate cardiovascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are increasing, with improved treatments leading to longer patient survival.
  • This increased longevity results in a higher prevalence of cardiovascular manifestations, often appearing later in the course of HIV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations in HIV-infected individuals.
  • To discuss the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cardiovascular health in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cardiovascular complications in HIV infection.
  • Analysis of the effects of HAART, including protease inhibitors, on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Pericardial effusion is the most common cardiovascular manifestation, typically small and asymptomatic, but indicative of a poor prognosis.
  • Other serious cardiovascular conditions include myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, cardiac lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • HAART improves overall prognosis but is associated with lipodystrophy and accelerated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including glucose intolerance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and elevated lipoprotein (a).

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a significant and growing concern for HIV-infected individuals.
  • While HAART is crucial for managing HIV, its role in accelerating cardiovascular disease requires careful monitoring and management strategies.

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