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Acute systemic toxicity--prospects for tiered testing strategies.
1Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, UK. phil.botham@syngenta.com
Summary
The controversial LD50 animal test was replaced by three improved methods in 2002, enhancing animal welfare. Full replacement of animal testing requires further development and is over 10 years away.
Failed At:
2026-06-19T13:25:39.889688+00:00