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Related Experiment Videos

Developmental gene control of brainstem function: views from the embryo.

Caroline Borday1, Ludovic Wrobel, Gilles Fortin

  • 1UPR 2216 Neurobiologie Génétique et Intégrative, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, CNRS, 1, av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|February 11, 2004
PubMed
Summary

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Genes controlling respiratory rhythm in vertebrates are conserved across species. Key developmental transcription factors and neurotrophins refine breathing patterns throughout life.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The respiratory rhythm originates in the hindbrain reticular formation, involving distinct rostral and caudal domains.
  • Understanding the genetic control of this rhythm provides insights into adaptive behaviors in vertebrates.
  • The para-facial region's development is influenced by transcription factors governing neural progenitor specification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the development and refinement of respiratory rhythm.
  • To explore the roles of specific genes and factors in neural progenitor specification and neuronal network formation.
  • To understand how neuronal function and development are integrated for adaptive respiratory control.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of transcription factors (Hox paralogs, kreisler, Krox-20) involved in embryonic hindbrain development.
  • Investigation of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the vagal/glossopharyngeal domain.
  • Integration of genetic, developmental, and neurobiological data to model respiratory pattern generation.

    • Main Results:

    • Hox genes and regulatory factors like kreisler and Krox-20 establish transient developmental compartments (rhombomeres) for rhythmic neuronal networks.
    • Hox genes direct the fate of reticular and motor neurons, specifying lifelong motor activity patterns.
    • BDNF modulates both peripheral chemoafferent signaling and central respiratory rhythmogenic circuits.

    Conclusions:

    • Coordinated action of developmental transcription factors and neurotrophic factors refines respiratory rhythm.
    • These factors integrate diverse neuronal types for adaptive, use-dependent respiratory pattern generation.
    • The hindbrain provides a model for conserved genetic control of adaptive behaviors in vertebrates.