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Invasive penile carcinoma: a review
Giuseppe Micali1, Maria R Nasca, Daniele Innocenzi
1Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania Dermatology Clinic, University La Sapienza of Rome Department of Dermatology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. cldermct@nti.it
Summary
Penile carcinoma, an invasive epithelial tumor, requires histological confirmation for diagnosis. Surgical ablation is often the best treatment, with sentinel node mapping recommended for high-grade tumors.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Pathology
Background:
- Penile carcinoma is an invasive epithelial tumor originating from penile skin or mucosa.
- Understanding its pathogenesis is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenesis of invasive penile carcinomas.
- To detail clinical and histopathologic features.
- To emphasize current diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, review articles, case reports, and clinical trials.
- Inclusion of non-English literature and meeting abstracts.
- Analysis of authors' clinical experience.
Main Results:
- Penile cancer can develop de novo or be associated with predisposing factors.
- Clinical suspicion must be histologically confirmed.
- Therapeutic options range from surgery and radiotherapy to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Surgical ablation is generally the preferred treatment for penile carcinoma.
- Sentinel node mapping is recommended for high-grade tumors, while watchful waiting may suffice for low-grade tumors.
- Further high-quality data are needed for conservative treatment evaluation.