Related Experiment Videos
Long term efficacy of hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis in neonates at risk: using different vaccine and schedule
A Assateerawatt1, V Suvatte, V S Tanphaichitr
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Insights
Different hepatitis B immunization strategies showed similar long-term effectiveness in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in newborns. All tested hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccine combinations provided significant protection up to three years of age.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from HBeAg-positive mothers to neonates poses a significant public health challenge.
- Effective immunoprophylaxis is crucial to prevent perinatal HBV infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term efficacy of various combined hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine regimens.
- To compare different doses and schedules of HBIG and vaccine for preventing HBV transmission in high-risk neonates.
Main Methods:
- Eight groups of 20 neonates each were administered different combinations and dosages of HBIG (100 IU or 200 IU, IM or IV) and hepatitis B vaccine (full or half dose).
- Vaccination schedules included 0, 1, 2 months or 0, 1, 6 months, with some receiving a booster at 12 months.
- Infants were followed up to 3 years of age to assess seroconversion rates, protective efficacy, and antibody responses (anti-HBs titer).
Main Results:
- No statistically significant differences were observed among the eight immunoprophylaxis programs in terms of seroconversion rates, protective efficacy, or anti-HBs antibody titers after 3 years.
- Seroconversion rates ranged from 63.6% to 92.9% across all groups.
- Protective efficacy rates varied from 69.7% to 100% by 3 years of age.
Conclusions:
- Various HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine combinations and schedules demonstrate comparable long-term efficacy in preventing HBV transmission in neonates born to HBeAg-positive mothers.
- The findings suggest flexibility in choosing immunoprophylaxis strategies without compromising protection against HBV infection.
Abstract:
Passive and active immunization for the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in neonates born to HBeAg positive carrier mothers was studied using different kinds and dosages of combined hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine. The long term efficacy of these various immunoprophylaxis programmes was evaluated up to 3 years of age. Eight groups of neonates, 20 in each group, received HBIG either the usual dose of 100 IU intramuscularly or intravenously or increased dose to 200 IU, combined with different kinds of hepatitis B vaccine either in full dose or half dose given in different schedules of 0, 1, 2 or 0, 1, 6 months, in some groups also received a booster dose at 12 months. After follow-up for 3 years, there were no statistical significant differences of the results between these 8 different immunoprophylaxis programmes, either in the rate of seroconversion or the protective efficacy as well as the antibody response (anti-HBs titer). The seroconversion rates after 3 years of age in all 8 groups were in the range of 63.6 to 92.9 per cent. The protective efficacy rates at 3 years of age were in the range of 69.7 to 100 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)