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Treatment and developmental therapeutics in aspergillosis. 1. Amphotericin B and its derivatives
1National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Abstract:
In recent years, the frequency of infections caused by Aspergillus sp. has been on the rise. Immunocompromised patients are especially vulnerable to such infections. The polyene antibiotic amphotericin B is currently considered to be therapeutically the most effective drug against Aspergillus-induced infections. In the present review, the clinical efficacy of amphotericin B, its toxicities and various routes of applications, are discussed. Different combinations of amphotericin B with other drugs have also been reviewed, along with the anti-Aspergillus activity of various other antibiotics and some ester derivatives of amphotericin B.
Insights
Amphotericin B is a key treatment for rising Aspergillus infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This review covers its efficacy, safety, and combinations for treating these serious fungal infections.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Increasing incidence of Aspergillus sp. infections globally.
- Immunocompromised individuals are at high risk.
- Amphotericin B is a primary therapeutic agent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical efficacy of amphotericin B.
- To discuss toxicities and administration routes.
- To explore combination therapies and alternative agents.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical studies and pharmacological data.
- Analysis of therapeutic outcomes and adverse events.
- Evaluation of anti-Aspergillus activity of various compounds.
Main Results:
- Amphotericin B demonstrates significant efficacy against Aspergillus infections.
- Understanding of its toxicity profile and administration routes is crucial.
- Combination therapies and novel derivatives show promise.
Conclusions:
- Amphotericin B remains a cornerstone in treating invasive aspergillosis.
- Optimizing its use and exploring alternatives are vital for patient outcomes.
- Further research into combination strategies and new agents is warranted.