Systemic lupus erythematosus: medical and nursing treatments

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease that may affect skin, joints, mucous membranes, heart, lungs, kidneys, nervous system and all the blood cell lines. Although its cause is unknown, abnormal immune function results in the formation of antibodies directed against various components of the human body (autoantibodies). Treatment depends of the severity of the illness and may include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents for arthritis; antimalarial therapy for skin disease and other mild lupus manifestations; and corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents including azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate for more severe lupus manifestations. Persons affected by lupus and their families need help in understanding the condition and require support as they deal with fear, depression, and possible disability. Implications for nursing are varied and include patient/family education about medication, joint protection principles, energy conservation, pain and stress management, and coping techniques.