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Related Experiment Videos

Respiration in vitro: I. Spontaneous activity.

O Hamada1, E Garcia-Rill, R D Skinner

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205.

Somatosensory & Motor Research
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparations exhibit spontaneous respiratory-like muscle activity. This activity originates from a pontomedullary pattern generator and is influenced by temperature and spinal cord integrity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Respiratory control mechanisms are complex and not fully understood, particularly during early development.
  • In vitro preparations offer a controlled environment to study neural circuits underlying vital functions like breathing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize spontaneous respiratory-like electromyographic (EMG) activity in a neonatal rat in vitro brain stem-spinal cord preparation.
  • To investigate the influence of temperature and spinal cord transections on this activity.
  • To identify the central pattern generator (CPG) responsible for respiratory rhythm.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in vitro brain stem-spinal cord preparation with attached ribs from 1- to 4-day-old rats.
  • Recorded spontaneous EMG activity from intercostal muscles.

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  • Performed multilevel recordings and various brain stem and spinal cord transections.
  • Manipulated temperature to assess its effect on respiratory frequency.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed spontaneous, rhythmic, and synchronized intercostal muscle activity mimicking breathing.
    • Activity frequency ranged from 0.05-0.2 Hz, showing single-, double-, and mixed-burst patterns.
    • Activity declined over time but increased with temperature.
    • Prepontine transections had no effect, premedullary transections increased frequency, and high spinal transections abolished activity.
    • Demonstrated a cephalocaudal bursting order in intercostal muscles.

    Conclusions:

    • A well-organized pontomedullary respiratory pattern generator exists in this neonatal rat preparation.
    • This generator's activity is modulated by temperature.
    • The findings provide foundational data for further studies on spinal cord stimulation to induce respiratory activity.