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Pulmonary function in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Beverley Robin1, Young-Jee Kim, Jaimee Huth

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|February 18, 2004
PubMed
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Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) show reduced airflow and air trapping. Some infants with BPD also demonstrate significant bronchodilator responsiveness, especially those with recurrent wheezing.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants.
  • Prematurity and BPD can lead to long-term pulmonary function abnormalities.
  • Assessing lung function in infants with BPD is crucial for understanding disease progression and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate lung function and bronchodilator responsiveness in infants with a history of prematurity and BPD.
  • To compare pulmonary function parameters between infants with and without BPD.
  • To investigate the impact of recurrent wheezing on airway dysfunction in infants with BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression and whole-body plethysmography for spirometry.

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  • Measured fractional lung volumes, forced expiratory flows (FEV0.5, FEF75, FEF25-75), and lung volumes (FRC, RV, TLC).
  • Assessed bronchodilator responsiveness by administering albuterol and re-measuring parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • Infants with BPD history showed decreased forced expiratory flows (P<0.01) and increased residual volume (RV) and RV/TLC (P<0.05) compared to controls.
    • No significant difference in total lung capacity (TLC) was observed between groups.
    • 35% of infants demonstrated significant bronchodilator responsiveness; those with wheezing had more severe airway dysfunction.

    Conclusions:

    • Infants with BPD exhibit pulmonary function abnormalities, including mild-to-moderate airflow obstruction and air trapping.
    • Hyperinflation and expiratory flow limitation are characteristic findings in this population.
    • Airway responsiveness is more pronounced in infants with recurrent wheezing, suggesting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms.