Disturbances in programming goal-directed arm movements in children with ADHD
Ann-Christin Eliasson1, Birgit Rösblad, Hans Forssberg
1Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. ann-christin.eliasson@kbh.ki.se
Children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) struggle with motor control, particularly when visual feedback is removed. This study highlights their difficulties in programming and executing goal-directed arm movements.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Motor Control
Background:
- Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting executive functions.
- Motor control deficits are increasingly recognized in children with ADHD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the motor programming and execution abilities in children with ADHD.
- To compare movement control with and without visual feedback in ADHD and typically developing children.
Main Methods:
- 25 males with ADHD and 25 typically developing males (ages 8-15) performed goal-directed arm movements.
- Movement involved controlling a cursor on a screen using a digitizing tablet.
- Visual feedback conditions included continuous visibility or blanking at movement initiation.
Main Results:
- Children with ADHD showed impaired movement control compared to controls.
- Difficulties were exacerbated in the no-visual-feedback condition, with larger errors and longer durations.
- ADHD group exhibited jerky movements and poor speed-accuracy trade-off.
Conclusions:
- Results suggest poorer motor programming abilities in children with ADHD.
- The findings underscore the impact of visual feedback on motor execution in ADHD.
- Motor control deficits may be a significant characteristic of ADHD in children.
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