Raman spectroscopic protocol for the molecular recognition of key biomarkers in astrobiological exploration

Raman spectroscopy is proposed as novel instrumentation for the remote, robotic exploration of planetary surfaces, especially Mars. In recent years, information about the chemicals produced by organisms at the terrestrial limits of life, such as those surviving in Antarctic habitats, has facilitated the assembly of a spectral database of key biomarkers. In addition biogeological modifications which are essential for the survival strategies of environmentally stressed organisms have been identified. In this paper, the requirements for Raman spectroscopic instrumental detection of key bio--and bio-geological markers are outlined and a preliminary protocol established for the molecular spectral recognition of biological signatures in remote astrobiological exploration.