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Gastric retentive dosage forms: a review.
Sui Yuen Eddie Hou1, Verne E Cowles, Bret Berner
1Depomed, Inc., Menlo Park, California, USA.
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
|February 26, 2004
Summary
Gastric retentive dosage forms enhance drug delivery for upper GI tract conditions. Understanding gastrointestinal (GI) motility is key to designing effective dosage forms that control drug release and absorption.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Background:
- Gastric retentive dosage forms are crucial for controlled release of drugs with limited lower GI absorption or for localized upper GI treatment.
- These forms leverage or counteract gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, utilizing mechanisms like flotation, bioadhesion, or increased size for delayed gastric emptying.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the principles and design of gastric retentive dosage forms.
- To elucidate the role of GI motility in the behavior of these dosage forms.
- To identify factors influencing gastric retention variability.
Main Methods:
- Review of GI motility and its measurement techniques.
- Analysis of gastric emptying mechanisms in fed and fasted states.
- Discussion of design strategies for gastric retentive systems (size, density, flotation, bioadhesion, expansion).
Main Results:
- Gastric retention strategies are categorized based on reliance on fed or fasted state GI physiology.
- Fed-state emptying is critical for size- or flotation-dependent dosage forms.
- Key factors influencing gastric retention variability were identified.
Conclusions:
- Effective design of gastric retentive dosage forms requires a thorough understanding of GI motility and emptying patterns.
- Both natural GI physiology and engineered systems play roles in achieving desired gastric retention.
- Further research into mucoadhesive and expandable systems is warranted for improved fasting-state retention.