Viral hepatitis: sports-related risk

Each year, viral hepatitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the general population. Most athletes who contract viral hepatitis become exposed away from the playing field. However, close contact with team members and the sharing of food and drink may increase the likelihood of spreading enteric forms of viral hepatitis, and a small risk of sports-related transmission of hepatitis B and C virus exists. Health care providers must make decisions regarding the timing of an infected athlete's safe return to athletic activity and be able to counsel athletes about the risks of viral transmission during sports. Individuals with acute and chronic hepatitis may tolerate exercise and sports participation quite well. Clinical signs and symptoms will often help guide return-to-play decisions. Attention to general hygiene practices, the standards of universal precautions, athlete immunization, and continued educational efforts can help prevent the acquisition and spread of viral hepatitis both on and off the field.