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Engineering biological structures of prescribed shape using self-assembling multicellular systems.

Karoly Jakab1, Adrian Neagu, Vladimir Mironov

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 26, 2004
PubMed
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Tissue liquidity enables the creation of custom 3D tissue constructs. Researchers used cell aggregates in hydrogels, observing toroidal structures formed by controlling interfacial tension for potential use in organ printing.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Self-assembly is crucial for biological structure formation, from cellular organization to organism development.
  • Physical mechanisms, not just genetic control, govern complex biological structure development through self-assembly.
  • Understanding these physical principles is key to engineering biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how tissue liquidity can be leveraged to create in vitro tissue constructs with specific geometries.
  • To investigate the physical mechanisms governing the self-assembly of cell aggregates into defined structures.
  • To explore the potential of these engineered tissues as bio-inks for organ printing.

Main Methods:

  • Experimentally culturing spherical cell aggregates within biocompatible hydrogels in a circular configuration.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilizing computer simulations to model the self-assembly process and predict structural outcomes.
  • Analyzing the role of aggregate-gel interfacial tension and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions in structure evolution.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell aggregates in hydrogels fused into toroidal 3D structures or dispersed based on gel properties.
    • Computer simulations accurately reproduced experimental observations of tissue construct shapes.
    • Aggregate-gel interfacial tension was identified as the key control parameter for structure formation.
    • The toroidal structure was found to be a metastable state, influenced by cell interaction strengths.

    Conclusions:

    • Tissue liquidity and controlled interfacial tension allow for the in vitro engineering of geometrically defined tissue constructs.
    • The stability of engineered tissue structures can be modulated by tuning cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
    • Organ-specific cell aggregates show promise as bio-inks for advancing organ printing technologies.