[The original paradigm of dependence - historical and cultural aspects]

Repeated drunkenness became a contradiction in terms of a healthy and rational life style in the context of the Enlightenment in the 18th century. Corresponding to the self-referential understanding of man as an independent and rational being repeated drunkenness could not longer be understood as a conscious decision or a vice. The central point of the new paradigm of dependence was the installation of a special urge by a specific chronic chemical traumatization. But this original paradigm also required the acceptance of the human individual as a depth-structured being and shows influence by the Brownianism, therefore it is also an unspecific concept. This understanding corresponds with the modern anthropology, in which the human being is understood two-fold: on the one hand his consciousness and mind, on the other hand his unconsciousness, body and world around.