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Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
Published on: March 2, 2011
Testosterone as a social inhibitor: two case studies of the effect of testosterone treatment on language
James W Pennebaker1, Carla J Groom, Daniel Loew
1Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. pennebaker@psy.utexas.edu
Abstract:
This study aimed to correlate testosterone levels with natural written language in 2 people undergoing testosterone therapy. Two participants, a man receiving treatment for loss of upper-body strength and a female-to-male transgendered individual, supplied records of injections over 1-2 years along with e-mails or journal entries as writing samples. Results showed that higher testosterone levels correlated with reduced use of words related to social connections. Language relating to anger, sexuality, and achievement was unrelated to testosterone levels. It appears that testosterone steers attention away from social connections but not necessarily toward concerns with aggression or sexual activity.
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