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Boltzmann entropy for dense fluids not in local equilibrium.

P L Garrido1, S Goldstein, J L Lebowitz

  • 1Departamento de E.M. y Física de la Materia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|March 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Computer simulations show that the entropy of dense fluids not in local equilibrium generally increases over time. This finding holds even when the kinetic energy component decreases, supporting a broader principle for isolated systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding the time evolution of entropy is crucial for comprehending irreversible processes in non-equilibrium systems.
  • Local equilibrium assumptions simplify entropy calculations but may not capture the full dynamics of dense fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time evolution of Boltzmann entropy in dense fluids far from local equilibrium.
  • To determine if entropy exhibits monotonic increase under specific conditions, even with decreasing kinetic energy components.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computer simulations to model dense fluid behavior.
  • Tracking the time evolution of macrovariables, specifically particle density and total energy.
  • Analyzing the behavior of system entropy S(f(t),E) over time.

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Main Results:

  • The study found that the entropy S(f(t),E) demonstrates a monotonic increase over time.
  • This monotonic increase was observed even in instances where the kinetic part of the entropy was decreasing.
  • The findings suggest a general principle for isolated Hamiltonian systems.

Conclusions:

  • Entropy monotonicity is a general property for typical initial microstates in isolated Hamiltonian systems.
  • This phenomenon is linked to Liouville's theorem and deterministic evolution laws.
  • The research provides insights into the fundamental behavior of entropy in complex systems.