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Related Experiment Videos

Changes in heart rate during obstructive sleep apnoea.

S Andreas1, G Hajak, B von Breska

  • 1Dept of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen, FRG.

The European Respiratory Journal
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients experience heart rate drops during apneas, linked to airway obstruction activating receptors. This study explores the connection between heart rate and respiratory changes during airway collapse in OSA.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • The mechanisms causing heart rate reduction during apneas in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are not well understood.
  • Animal studies suggest upper airway stimulation affects cardiac vagal nerves, influencing heart rate and breathing.
  • OSA involves airway collapse, potentially stimulating upper airway receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between heart rate and respiratory rhythm during apneas and negative intrathoracic pressure in OSA patients.
  • To elucidate the role of upper airway stimulation in modulating cardiovascular and respiratory responses during sleep-disordered breathing.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 15 patients with severe OSA (AHI 45 ± 28/h) using polysomnography.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed heart rate decrease (delta HRA) and respiratory cycle duration (TOT) during 15-second apneas, Mueller maneuvers (MM), and Valsalva maneuvers in non-REM sleep.
  • Compared OSA patients with a control group during MM.

    • Main Results:

    • OSA patients showed significant heart rate decrease during apneas (-14.4 ± 9.0 bpm) and MM (-11.5 ± 13.5 bpm) compared to controls (3.1 ± 7.8 bpm).
    • Total respiratory cycle duration increased during apneas (4.6 ± 3.1 s).
    • A significant correlation was found between delta HRA and OSA severity (AHI, r = -0.64) and between delta HRA and increased TOT (r = 0.62).

    Conclusions:

    • Upper airway obstruction in OSA may activate receptors at the site of collapse.
    • This activation leads to observable changes in heart rate and respiratory rhythm.
    • Findings suggest a link between airway mechanics and autonomic cardiovascular control in OSA.