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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Magnetic Force

Magnetic Force

In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...

Magnetic Damping

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...

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Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

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Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials.

T J Yen¹, W J Padilla, N Fang

¹Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 6, 2004

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate magnetic response at terahertz frequencies using nonmagnetic conductive resonant elements in a planar structure. This broadband effect is tunable by altering structural dimensions, paving the way for advanced terahertz devices.

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Area of Science:

Terahertz (THz) science and technology
Metamaterials and artificial magnetism

Background:

Terahertz (THz) frequencies present unique challenges for generating and controlling magnetic responses.
Traditional magnetic materials often exhibit limited functionality or losses at THz frequencies.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a method for achieving magnetic response at terahertz frequencies using nonmagnetic components.
To explore the tunability and bandwidth of this artificial magnetic response.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a planar structure utilizing nonmagnetic conductive resonant elements.
Characterization of the structure's response across a broad range of terahertz frequencies.

Main Results:

Successfully achieved a significant magnetic response at terahertz frequencies.
Demonstrated that the magnetic response is broadband and can be tuned by scaling the structure's dimensions.
Confirmed the nonmagnetic nature of the constituent elements.

Conclusions:

Artificial magnetic structures composed of nonmagnetic conductive elements are viable for THz applications.
The tunability of the demonstrated structure offers flexibility for designing THz devices.
Hybrid structures combining natural and artificial magnetic materials hold promise for future THz device development.