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Simulated microgravity induces programmed cell death in human thyroid carcinoma cells.

Peter Kossmehl1, Mehdi Shakibaei, Augusto Cogoli

  • 1Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany. pkossmeh@zedat.fu-berlin.de

Journal of Gravitational Physiology : a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology
|March 9, 2004
PubMed
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Simulated microgravity induces apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in human follicular thyroid cancer cells. This study reveals that microgravity conditions activate specific cell death pathways, impacting cancer cell behavior.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Space Medicine

Background:

  • Follicular thyroid carcinoma (ML-1 cell line) is a significant cancer.
  • Understanding cancer cell behavior under altered gravity is crucial for space exploration and cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on ML-1 cells.
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in cell death under microgravity.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing ML-1 cells on a 3D clinostat to simulate microgravity.
  • Assessing apoptosis using techniques like TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, DAPI staining, and DNA laddering.
  • Analyzing protein expression (Fas, p53, bax, bcl-2, Caspase 3) and enzyme activity (poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase).

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  • Utilizing electron microscopy for morphological analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • ML-1 cells formed 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) under simulated microgravity.
    • Elevated levels of apoptosis-associated proteins (Fas, p53, bax) and Caspase 3 were observed.
    • Reduced levels of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 were detected.
    • Apoptosis was confirmed through various assays and morphological changes, linked to increased poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Simulated microgravity induces early programmed cell death in ML-1 cells.
    • Multiple apoptosis pathways are activated under these conditions.
    • Findings contribute to understanding thyroid cancer cell response to microgravity.