Syphilis: a review and update of this 'new' infection of the '90s

Reported cases of primary, secondary and congenital syphilis are reaching epidemic proportions in the United States. Several factors have been associated with this increase, including budget reductions for syphilis-control programs, the growing use of cocaine among women of childbearing age and the practice of trading sex with multiple partners for illegal drugs. This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical stages and presentation, serologic testing, treatment, and pertinent patient education for syphilis. Recommendations for the identification and prevention of syphilis are provided.