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Related Experiment Videos

SARS: clinical virology and pathogenesis.

John Nicholls1, Xiao-Ping Dong, Gu Jiang

  • 1Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, China. nicholls@pathology.hku.hk

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)
|March 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a novel infectious disease caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Early detection of SARS-CoV is possible with PCR, while diagnosis is confirmed by antibody response around day 10.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV.
  • SARS-CoV is genetically distinct from known human and animal coronaviruses, suggesting recent zoonotic adaptation.
  • The virus is detectable in patient bodily fluids, including nasopharyngeal aspirates, urine, and stools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the causative agent of SARS.
  • To investigate diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV infection.
  • To describe the histopathological changes associated with SARS.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing of SARS-CoV.
  • Development and application of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays.
  • Immunofluorescence assays for detecting SARS-CoV antibodies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Histopathological examination of lung tissue from SARS patients.

    • Main Results:

    • SARS-CoV is a novel coronavirus not previously known in humans or animals.
    • RT-PCR can detect SARS-CoV in ~80% of patients within 3 days of illness onset.
    • Antibodies to SARS-CoV become detectable around day 10 of illness.
    • Histopathology shows acute diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) within 10 days, progressing to organizing DAD with fibrosis and metaplasia after 10 days.

    Conclusions:

    • SARS-CoV is the etiological agent of SARS and likely originated from an animal reservoir.
    • Early diagnosis is feasible with RT-PCR, while seroconversion confirms infection later.
    • Distinct histopathological patterns characterize early and late stages of SARS lung injury.