Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 25, 2026

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment as a Useful Adjunctive Tool for Pneumonia
Published on: May 6, 2014
Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media in Michigan
1Division of General Pediatrics University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48152, USA.
Abstract:
We surveyed pediatricians (PEDs), family physicians (FPs), otolaryngologists (ENTs), and emergency physicians (ERs) from across Michigan (100 each), as well as 30 nationally recognized experts about their clinical approach to acute otitis media (AOM). The overall response rate was 52%. There was substantial variation within each group with respect to diagnostic criteria and clinical decision-making, but no significant differences among groups. The 63% of respondents who considered symptoms among their diagnostic criteria for AOM were 3.8-fold more likely to defer therapy for an asymptomatic toddler with a bulging, red, immobile tympanic membrane (TM) (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.53, 9.74), but 24% of respondents stated that they would prescribe oral antibiotics for a symptomatic child with a red TM, even in the absence of a middle ear effusion. These data suggest that diagnostic criteria are a major factor determining whether clinicians prescribe antibiotics to a particular patient.
Related Concept Videos
Tonsillitis II: Management
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Acute Pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management
