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Liquid sample injection using an atmospheric pressure direct current glow discharge ionization source.

J Zhao¹, J Zhu, D M Lubman

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055.

Analytical Chemistry

|July 1, 1992

Summary

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Atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization effectively detects organic molecules in mass spectrometry. This method achieves low femtomole detection limits for various compounds, including drugs and explosives.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Mass Spectrometry
Plasma Physics

Background:

Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API/MS) is crucial for analyzing organic compounds.
Developing sensitive and robust ionization sources for API/MS remains an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the utility of a helium DC glow discharge as an ionization source for API/MS.
To evaluate the detection limits and fragmentation patterns for various organic analytes.

Main Methods:

Utilized a DC glow discharge in helium as an ionization source for liquid-injected samples.
Operated the glow discharge at currents up to 10 mA and voltages below 1 kV.
Optimized the skimmer-interface and liquid injection/nebulization systems for enhanced sensitivity.

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Main Results:

Achieved low femtomole detection limits for a range of organic molecules, including neurotransmitters, drugs, pesticides, and explosives.
Observed protonated molecules (MH+) with minimal fragmentation, even at higher discharge currents.
Demonstrated a detection limit of approximately 2 pg for tyramine with linear quantitation over three orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization is a highly sensitive and effective method for API/MS.
The technique offers broad applicability for the analysis of diverse organic compounds with minimal fragmentation.
Optimizations to the interface and injection system further enhance analytical performance.