The "brainy side" of human embryonic stem cells

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Updated: Aug 25, 2026

A Guide to Generating and Using hiPSC Derived NPCs for the Study of Neurological Diseases
09:30

A Guide to Generating and Using hiPSC Derived NPCs for the Study of Neurological Diseases

Published on: February 21, 2015

Eran Hornstein1, Nissim Benvenisty

  • 1Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|March 30, 2004
PubMed

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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...