Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Area of Science:

• Neuropsychology
• Psychiatry
• Developmental Psychology

Background:

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
• Significant debate exists regarding the diagnostic validity and characteristics of adult ADHD.
• Understanding neuropsychological functioning is crucial for diagnosing and managing ADHD across all age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the existing literature on neuropsychological dysfunctions associated with ADHD.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of ADHD-related cognitive impairments in children and adults.
• To address the controversy surrounding adult ADHD by presenting empirical evidence.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review.
• Analysis of empirical studies on neuropsychological function in ADHD.
• Synthesis of findings across the lifespan.

Main Results:

• Children with ADHD frequently exhibit deficits in executive functions, including attention, impulse control, and working memory.
• Adults with ADHD also show significant impairments in executive functions, often persisting from childhood.
• Neuropsychological profiles in ADHD can vary, but core deficits are consistently reported.

Conclusions:

• Neuropsychological dysfunctions are a core feature of ADHD, extending throughout the lifespan.
• The empirical evidence supports the validity of adult ADHD and its associated cognitive impairments.
• This review aids clinicians in better understanding and diagnosing ADHD across developmental stages.