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Related Experiment Videos

Basal jawed vertebrate phylogeny inferred from multiple nuclear DNA-coded genes.

Kanae Kikugawa1, Kazutaka Katoh, Shigehiro Kuraku

  • 1Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. kikugw@biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp <kikugw@biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp>

BMC Biology
|April 9, 2004
PubMed
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Nuclear DNA sequencing resolves vertebrate phylogeny, placing cartilaginous fishes as basal to jawed vertebrates. This study refutes previous mitochondrial DNA hypotheses and clarifies relationships among fish and tetrapod lineages.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Phylogenetics
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic analyses of jawed vertebrates yield conflicting results, challenging established evolutionary trees.
  • Previous hypotheses, such as Rasmussen and Arnason's, placed cartilaginous fishes within a paraphyletic bony fish group, a view not significantly rejected by prior nuclear DNA studies.
  • Discrepancies between mitochondrial DNA phylogenies and accepted vertebrate classifications necessitate robust molecular evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve phylogenetic ambiguities in jawed vertebrate evolution using nuclear DNA-coded genes.
  • To test the hypothesis of cartilaginous fishes' basal position within jawed vertebrates.
  • To clarify the evolutionary relationships among major vertebrate groups, including fishes and tetrapods.

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Main Methods:

  • Cloning and sequencing of seven nuclear DNA-coded genes from 13 diverse vertebrate species.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method on concatenated sequence data.
  • Inclusion of sequences from major vertebrate groups (cartilaginous fishes, bichir, chondrosteans, gar, bowfin, teleosts, lungfishes, tetrapods) and outgroups (cyclostome, lancelet).

Main Results:

  • Nuclear DNA analysis strongly supports cartilaginous fishes as basal to all other jawed vertebrates, contradicting mitochondrial DNA-based trees.
  • The Rasmussen and Arnason hypothesis derived from mitochondrial data is significantly rejected.
  • Living holosteans (bowfin, gar) are identified as a monophyletic sister group to teleost fishes; bichir is the basal ray-finned fish; tetrapods and lungfish form a monophyletic clade.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a robust nuclear DNA-based phylogeny for jawed vertebrates, consistent with traditional classifications.
  • The basal position of cartilaginous fishes is confirmed, resolving long-standing phylogenetic debates.
  • Novel insights into the relationships among fish lineages and the placement of tetrapods relative to lungfishes are provided.