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Fermentation01:29

Fermentation

Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
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Customization of Aspergillus niger Morphology Through Addition of Talc Micro Particles
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Published on: March 15, 2012

Polyol accumulation by Aspergillus oryzae at low water activity in solid-state fermentation.

George J G Ruijter1,2, Jaap Visser2, Arjen Rinzema3,2

  • 1Wageningen University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Microbiology (Reading, England)
|April 10, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aspergillus oryzae accumulates unusual polyols like glycerol and erythritol under osmotic stress in solid-state fermentation. These polyols, along with mannitol, are regulated by specific dehydrogenases, suggesting adaptation to low water activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Solid-state fermentation (SSF) involves low water activity (a(w)), creating osmotic stress for microorganisms.
  • Aspergillus oryzae is a fungus used in food fermentation, but its response to osmotic stress in SSF is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate polyol accumulation and metabolism in Aspergillus oryzae during solid-state culture.
  • To identify the enzymes involved in polyol biosynthesis under osmotic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing Aspergillus oryzae on whole wheat grains and wheat dough to model SSF.
  • Measuring polyol concentrations and polyol dehydrogenase activities in fungal mycelia.
  • Analyzing the correlation between enzyme activity and polyol accumulation.

Main Results:

  • A. oryzae accumulated high concentrations of glycerol, erythritol, and arabitol, in addition to mannitol, at low a(w) (0.96-0.97).
  • At least four distinct polyol dehydrogenases were identified, with high activity towards glycerol, erythritol, D-arabitol, and mannitol.
  • NADP(+)-dependent glycerol and erythritol dehydrogenase activities strongly correlated with the accumulation of their respective polyols.

Conclusions:

  • The accumulation of a mixture of polyols is characteristic of A. oryzae in SSF under osmotic stress.
  • NADP(+)-dependent glycerol and erythritol dehydrogenases are likely involved in the biosynthesis of these polyols and are induced by osmotic stress.