Factors associated with overweight and obesity in Quebec adults

To measure the independent correlates of excess body weight and obesity in Quebec in 1993 and 1997.

A population-based, cross-sectional survey in three settings in the province of Quebec.

A total of 10014 individuals aged 18-64 y.

Excess body weight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) (self-reported weight and height) greater than or equal to 25 kg/m(2) and obesity as BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2). Data were collected by a questionnaire completed at home by the participants. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.

The correlates varied according to gender. While university achievement, smoking habit and physical activity level reduced the risk of excess body weight in both genders, increased dietary fat intake was positively associated with overweight and obesity in men only. In women, greater family income lowered the risk of having a BMI over 25. Increasing age, speaking a language other than French and living in a rural environment elevated the risk.

Future interventions for the control of obesity should be gender-specific. Target groups should include individuals with low education, those living in rural environments and non-caucasian women. Dietary interventions should target men in particular.