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Foot-and-mouth disease
1Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, North Atlantic Area, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|April 16, 2004
Summary
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral illness, is reemerging globally. Understanding FMD virus (FMDV) genetics and replication is key to developing better control strategies and vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a significant economic threat to livestock industries worldwide.
- Recent outbreaks in previously disease-free developed nations highlight the need for updated control strategies.
- FMD was the first animal pathogen identified as a virus, with a history dating back to the 16th century.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the reemergence of FMD in developed countries and its impact on control strategies.
- To detail the genetic, structural, and biochemical characteristics of the FMD virus (FMDV).
- To explore FMDV replication, including host interactions and unique viral mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on FMD epidemiology and virology.
- Detailed examination of FMDV at genetic, structural, and biochemical levels.
- Discussion of FMDV replication cycle and host-pathogen interactions.
Main Results:
- FMDV, a Picornaviridae family member, exhibits significant antigenic diversity.
- Understanding FMDV replication informs the development of diagnostic and control tools.
- Molecular manipulation of FMDV genomes aids in studying pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Knowledge of FMDV biology is crucial for rapid outbreak detection and differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals.
- This understanding supports the development of novel vaccine candidates and improved disease management.
- Further research into virus and host factors is essential for a comprehensive understanding of FMD pathogenesis.