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Related Experiment Videos

Primary effusion lymphoma. A case report.

Anna Ioakim-Liossi1, Panagiota Mikou, Efi Botsoli-Stergiou

  • 1Cytopathology Department, Laiko Hospital, Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Acta Cytologica
|April 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Accurate diagnosis of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rare cancer in HIV-positive men, is achievable through cytology, immunocytochemistry, and HHV-8 PCR. DNA ploidy analysis indicates an aggressive nature.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare malignancy presenting as effusions, often in HIV-positive individuals with Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • Cytology is the primary diagnostic method due to the infrequent presence of solid tumors.
  • Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA is typically detected in PEL cases.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old HIV-positive male presented with ascites and no detectable solid neoplasm.
  • Cytologic examination of ascitic fluid revealed atypical, pleomorphic lymphoid cells.
  • Immunocytochemistry showed positivity for CD45, CD30, and epithelial membrane antigen, with negativity for B-cell and T-cell markers.

Findings:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of HHV-8 DNA sequences.

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  • DNA ploidy analysis indicated aneuploidy, suggesting an aggressive tumor.
  • Conventional and ThinPrep cytology, combined with immunocytochemistry and HHV-8 PCR, enabled accurate PEL diagnosis.

    • Implications:

    • This diagnostic approach is crucial for managing PEL, a challenging lymphoma subtype.
    • Understanding PEL's distinct characteristics aids in its classification and treatment strategies.
    • The findings highlight the importance of integrated diagnostic methods for rare hematologic malignancies.