Impaired clearance of apoptotic cells promotes synergy between atherogenesis and autoimmune disease
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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas
Published on: July 1, 2011
Tamar Aprahamian1, Ian Rifkin, Ramon Bonegio
1Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Abstract:
To clarify the link between autoimmune disease and hypercholesterolemia, we created the gld.apoE(-/-) mouse as a model of accelerated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly increased in gld.apoE(-/-) mice compared with apoE(-/-) mice. gld.apoE(-/-) mice also displayed increases in lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and autoantibodies compared with gld mice, and these effects were exacerbated by high cholesterol diet. gld.apoE(-/-) mice exhibited higher levels of apoptotic cells, yet a reduced frequency of engulfed apoptotic nuclei within macrophages. Infusion of lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein, markedly decreased apoptotic cell clearance in gld mice, indicating that hypercholesterolemia promotes autoimmune disease in this background. These data suggest that defects in apoptotic cell clearance promote synergy between atherosclerotic and autoimmune diseases.
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