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Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity: an update
Andrea T Borchers1, Carl L Keen, M Eric Gershwin
1Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California-Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|April 21, 2004
Summary
Mushroom extracts show potential for immune support and antitumor effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these benefits after oral consumption and address potential heavy metal contamination.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Mushrooms and their extracts are popular dietary supplements theorized to boost immune function and overall health.
- While in vitro studies suggest some mushrooms stimulate immune responses, robust in vivo data on oral administration is limited.
- Concerns exist regarding potential contamination of mushrooms with toxic heavy metals and radioactive elements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the immunological and antitumor activities of mushroom extracts.
- To highlight the need for more evidence-based research on the biological effects of orally administered mushrooms.
- To provide a comparative analysis of mushroom extract activities.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on mushroom extracts.
- Analysis of research investigating immune modulation by mushrooms.
- Examination of studies assessing antitumor properties of mushrooms.
Main Results:
- Select mushrooms demonstrate in vitro immune-stimulatory effects.
- Studies have explored mushroom effects on mononuclear cell activation and cytokine expression.
- Research exists on the antitumor potential of various mushroom species.
Conclusions:
- Mushroom components possess significant biological activity.
- Further rigorous scientific investigation is crucial to validate health claims associated with mushroom supplements.
- Potential toxicity from heavy metals and radioactive contamination must be considered.