[Malignant neoplasms of the nose and sinuses]

The basic condition for starting the oncological treatment of the tumors of the nose and the sinuses is determining whether or not the disease is malignant. However, the operator should remember that occasionally the diagnosis errors may occur. The histopathologic examination performed during the operation may prove useful for that purpose. The tumors should be first operated on and the radiation therapy has to follow the surgery. Tanks to this procedure the 5-year survival rare is 40%. The operational treatment is performed through two approaches; sublabial approach (of two kinds) and lateral rhinotomy which also has several variations. There is no simple, unified division of the kinds of surgical procedures and that is why the operator should always present the description of the operation. The metastases to the lymph noses of the neck necessitate their removal and substantially reduce 5-year survival rate. The tumors which destroy the bone and infiltrate the frontal or/and middle cranial fossa require the additional approach through the cranial fossa and the excision of the dura and/or the brain is necessary. Subsequently the reconstruction of the bone and the dura in layers has to be performed. Any other procedure may cause complications, especially liquorrhoea, after the radiation therapy is finished. There are circumstances allowing to expect the progress in treatment of these tumors in the next five years (the development of the reconstructional surgery) and fifteen years (interference in the genetic structure of the tumor).