Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
07:23

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

International importation of measles virus--United States, 1993-2001

Natalia Vukshich Oster1, Rafael Harpaz, Susan B Redd

  • 1Emory Center on Health Outcomes and Quality, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. noster@sph.emory.edu.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|April 24, 2004
PubMed

Insights

International importations of measles significantly increased in the U.S. between 1993 and 2001, highlighting the need for global cooperation to control this infectious disease.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Surveillance

Background:

  • Measles remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • International travel facilitates the spread of infectious diseases across borders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in international measles importations into the United States from 1993 to 2001.
  • To identify the proportion and origin of imported measles cases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of measles case data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS).
  • Categorization of cases based on importation status (international, secondary spread, virological evidence).

Main Results:

  • 17% of 2632 measles cases were internationally imported between 1993-2001.
  • The proportion of imported cases rose from 14% (1993-1996) to 35% (1997-2001).
  • Imported cases originated from 63 countries, with Japan, Germany, China, the Philippines, Italy, and the UK being primary sources.

Conclusions:

  • International measles importations represent a substantial proportion of U.S. cases.
  • Effective measles reduction in the U.S. necessitates enhanced global surveillance and control measures.
  • International cooperation is crucial for preventing measles re-establishment.

More Related Videos

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan07:55

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan

Published on: August 27, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...