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Measles elimination in Canada.

Arlene King1, Paul Varughese, Gaston De Serres

  • 1Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. arlene_king@hc-sc.gc.ca.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|April 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Canada is close to measles elimination, with endemic transmission mostly interrupted since 1998. Challenges remain due to vaccine-hesitant communities, impacting measles control efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Measles elimination is a global public health goal.
  • Canada has made progress towards measles elimination.
  • Sustained efforts are needed to maintain elimination status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the progress and challenges of measles elimination in Canada.
  • To analyze national measles case data from 1998 to 2001.
  • To estimate the effective reproductive number (R) to assess transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national measles surveillance data (1998-2001).
  • Estimation of the effective reproductive number (R).
  • Identification of transmission chains and outbreak sources.

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Main Results:

  • Measles cases decreased significantly from 1998 to 2001, with most cases linked to outbreaks.
  • The effective reproductive number (R) ranged from 0.58 to 0.95, indicating reduced transmission.
  • Outbreaks were concentrated in communities with low immunization rates due to vaccine resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Endemic measles transmission in Canada was largely interrupted by 1998.
  • Vaccine resistance in specific communities poses a significant challenge to maintaining measles elimination.
  • Continued surveillance and targeted interventions are crucial for sustained measles control.