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Reaction in action: intergroup contrast in automatic behavior.

Russell Spears1, Ernestine Gordijn, Ap Dijksterhuis

  • 1University of Amsterdam. SpearsR@Cardiff.ac.uk

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|April 27, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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People automatically distance themselves from outgroup stereotypes, especially when "us-them" comparisons are active. This automatic behavioral contrast is influenced by intergroup dynamics and prejudice levels.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Social Cognition
  • Intergroup Relations

Background:

  • Prior research indicates automatic behaviors often align with outgroup stereotypes.
  • The role of intergroup comparison in automatic behavior requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate automatic behavioral contrast away from outgroup stereotypes.
  • To examine the influence of "us-them" intergroup comparisons on automatic behavior.
  • To explore the moderating role of prejudice in automatic distancing from outgroup attributes.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of ingroup vs. outgroup stereotype association with behaviors (neatness, reaction time).
  • Priming "us-them" intergroup comparison contexts.
  • Measurement of word accessibility and behavioral responses.

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Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited automatic behavioral contrast, moving away from outgroup stereotypes (Studies 1 & 2).
  • Activating "us-them" comparisons reduced accessibility of outgroup stereotypic words, particularly for high-prejudice individuals (Studies 3 & 4).
  • Automatic distancing from outgroup attributes occurs when intergroup antagonism is salient.

Conclusions:

  • Automatic behavioral contrast, rather than assimilation, can occur in response to outgroup stereotypes.
  • Intergroup comparison processes are crucial for understanding automatic behavioral responses.
  • Self and comparison processes significantly shape automatic behavior in intergroup contexts.