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Reemerging leptospirosis, California.
Elissa Meites1, Michele T Jay, Stanley Deresinski
1Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Emerging Infectious Diseases
|April 28, 2004
Summary
Leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease, is reemerging in California. Recent cases highlight its risk after freshwater exposure, emphasizing prompt diagnosis for febrile patients.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Zoonotic Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Leptospirosis is a globally prevalent zoonotic disease, infrequently diagnosed in the continental US.
- Historically, California cases (1982-2001) involved young adult males after recreational freshwater exposure.
- This study investigates recent cases and the first documented common-source outbreak in California.
Observation:
- Five recent human leptospirosis cases acquired in California were identified.
- The first documented common-source outbreak of leptospirosis in California was investigated.
- Clinical features included high fever, uniform renal impairment, and mild hepatitis.
Findings:
- Leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious threat in California.
- Recreational freshwater exposure is a significant risk factor.
- The outbreak was linked to environmental contamination.
Implications:
- Leptospirosis requires consideration in febrile patients with freshwater exposure history.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial due to rapid progression.
- Public health awareness and environmental investigations are vital for control.