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Reemerging leptospirosis, California

Elissa Meites1, Michele T Jay, Stanley Deresinski

  • 1Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|April 28, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease, is reemerging in California. Recent cases highlight its risk after freshwater exposure, emphasizing prompt diagnosis for febrile patients.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a globally prevalent zoonotic disease, infrequently diagnosed in the continental US.
  • Historically, California cases (1982-2001) involved young adult males after recreational freshwater exposure.
  • This study investigates recent cases and the first documented common-source outbreak in California.

Observation:

  • Five recent human leptospirosis cases acquired in California were identified.
  • The first documented common-source outbreak of leptospirosis in California was investigated.
  • Clinical features included high fever, uniform renal impairment, and mild hepatitis.

Findings:

  • Leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious threat in California.
  • Recreational freshwater exposure is a significant risk factor.
  • The outbreak was linked to environmental contamination.

Implications:

  • Leptospirosis requires consideration in febrile patients with freshwater exposure history.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial due to rapid progression.
  • Public health awareness and environmental investigations are vital for control.

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