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Relationship between oral sensitivity and masticatory performance.

L Engelen1, A van der Bilt, F Bosman

  • 1Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands. l.engelen@med.uu.nl

Journal of Dental Research
|April 28, 2004
PubMed
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Oral mucosal sensitivity impacts chewing and swallowing. Deeply-set receptors, not superficial ones, are crucial for accurately perceiving food particle size during mastication and preparing for swallowing.

Area of Science:

  • Oral sensory science
  • Masticatory neuroscience
  • Human sensory perception

Background:

  • Bolus size significantly influences oral manipulation and swallowing.
  • Oral mucosal sensitivity is hypothesized to play a key role in masticatory function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of oral mucosal sensitivity in masticatory performance.
  • To determine the relationship between tactile spatial acuity, object size perception, and food particle breakdown during mastication.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed solid object size perception, spatial acuity, and food particle size reduction in 22 healthy adults.
  • Utilized topical anesthesia of the oral mucosa to differentiate receptor involvement.
  • Measured food particle size after 15 chewing cycles and at the point of swallowing.

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Main Results:

  • Topical anesthesia did not affect perception of sphere sizes but significantly reduced spatial sensitivity.
  • A correlation was found between the ability to perceive sphere sizes and food particle size reduction without anesthesia.
  • No correlation was observed between spatial sensitivity and food particle size.

Conclusions:

  • Deeply-set oral receptors, rather than superficial ones involved in light touch, are critical for accurate masticatory performance and swallowing.
  • Tactile perception of larger objects (spheres) is more relevant to mastication than fine spatial discrimination.