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Published on: October 22, 2020
Tobacco smoking and oral clefts: a meta-analysis
Julian Little1, Amanda Cardy, Ronald G Munger
1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Scotland.
Objective:
To examine the association between maternal smoking and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in infants.
Methods:
A meta-analysis of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy was carried out using data from 24 case-control and cohort studies.
Findings:
Consistent, moderate and statistically significant associations were found between maternal smoking and cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (relative risk 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.44) and between maternal smoking and cleft palate (relative risk 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.35). There was evidence of a modest dose-response effect for cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
Conclusion:
The evidence of an association between maternal tobacco smoking and orofacial clefts is strong enough to justify its use in anti-smoking campaigns.
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