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Dietary fat consumption and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Jae H Kang1, Louis R Pasquale, Walter C Willett

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nhjhk@channing.harvard.edu

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|April 29, 2004
PubMed
Summary

A high ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fats may increase the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This association was particularly notable for high-tension POAG, warranting further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Prostaglandin F(2alpha) analogues are established treatments for lowering intraocular pressure.
  • Dietary fatty acids can influence endogenous prostaglandin F(2alpha) levels, potentially impacting intraocular pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively investigate the relationship between dietary fat consumption and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study involving women (Nurses' Health Study) and men (Health Professionals Follow-Up Study).
  • Participants (n=76,199 women, n=40,306 men) were followed for POAG development.
  • Dietary fat intake was assessed using validated food-frequency questionnaires, with energy-adjusted cumulative averages.
  • 474 confirmed POAG cases were analyzed using proportional hazards models.

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Main Results:

  • No independent association was found between major fat types/subtypes and POAG risk.
  • Pooled analysis showed no statistically significant risk for total, saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat intake.
  • A suggestive positive association was observed between a higher n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fat ratio and POAG risk (RR=1.49).
  • This association was stronger for high-tension POAG (RR=1.68).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fat ratios may elevate the risk of POAG, especially high-tension POAG.
  • Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.