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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Polygenic Risk Score is Associated with Disease Progression.

Niloufar Bineshfar1, Kanza Aziz1, Hetince Zhao2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher polygenic risk scores (PRS) for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are linked to faster visual field progression and increased treatment needs in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. Genetic risk profiling may aid in predicting glaucoma

Keywords:
Open-Angle GlaucomaPolygenic Risk ScoresProgressionTreatmentVisual Fields

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Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments

Published on: April 24, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments

Published on: April 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Predicting disease progression and treatment burden in OAG remains a clinical challenge.
  • Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are emerging tools for assessing genetic predisposition to complex diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and the progression of open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
  • To evaluate the relationship between POAG PRS and the treatment burden in patients with OAG.
  • To assess the utility of PRS in a multi-ancestry population for glaucoma prognostication.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study included 950 individuals with OAG from two biobank cohorts.
  • A POAG PRS was developed using cross-ancestry genome-wide association study data.
  • Associations between PRS and visual field (VF) progression (mean deviation slope) and treatment burden (medications, laser, surgery) were analyzed using logistic and Cox regression models.

Main Results:

  • Each standard deviation (SD) increase in PRS was associated with a faster rate of VF decline (β = -0.02 dB/year per SD; P = 0.007).
  • Higher PRS correlated with increased odds of OAG progression (OR = 1.22 per SD; P = 0.014) and greater treatment burden (OR = 1.47 per SD; P < 0.001).
  • In one cohort, higher PRS predicted shorter time to glaucoma procedures, even in early-stage disease.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated POAG PRS is significantly associated with accelerated VF progression and higher treatment intensity in OAG patients.
  • These findings suggest that PRS can be a valuable tool for predicting glaucoma disease trajectory.
  • Genetic risk stratification holds potential for personalized management strategies in OAG.