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[Changing electrophysiological parameters in the eye in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]
Insights
Children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) show early visual pathway changes. Electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potentials reveal significant alterations in diabetic retinopathy and cataract groups.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Neuroscience
Context:
- Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) affects numerous children globally.
- Diabetic retinopathy and cataracts are known microvascular complications.
- Early detection of visual pathway dysfunction is crucial for managing IDDM.
Purpose:
- To investigate electrophysiological changes in the visual system of children with IDDM.
- To correlate these changes with diabetes duration and specific complications like retinopathy and cataracts.
Summary:
- Fifty-eight children with IDDM were grouped by diabetes history and complications (retinopathy, cataract).
- Pattern electroretinography (PERG) showed prolonged P100 latency in newly diagnosed and retinopathy groups.
- Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) revealed decreased 'a' and 'b' wave amplitudes in various groups, indicating widespread retinal dysfunction.
Impact:
- Electrophysiological testing can detect subclinical visual pathway abnormalities in children with IDDM.
- These findings highlight the importance of regular ophthalmological screening in pediatric diabetes management.
- Early identification of visual impairment may lead to timely interventions, potentially slowing disease progression.
Abstract:
Fifty-eight (58) children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined and shared between 6 groups: Group 1--primarily diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM); Group 2--DM with an up to 5-year history; Group 3--DM with a an up to 10-year history; Group 4--children with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Group 5--children with diabetic cataract. Forty-five healthy children were in the control group. According to the pattern registration of visual induced potentials (RVIP), a reliable prolongation of latency P100 was detected in children of Groups 1 and 4. The results of the general electroretinography (ERG) showed a reliably decreased amplitude of the basic wave b- in Groups 1-4 and an increased amplitude of wave a- in Groups 4 and 5. According to photopic ERG, a reliably decreased amplitude of wave a- was detected in Groups 1-5 and a decreased amplitude of wave b- was registered in all groups except for Group 2. Scotopic ERG showed, in Group 5, an increased amplitude of wave a- (p < 0.05) at the normal values of wave b-, and, in Groups 1-4,--a significantly inhibited amplitude of wave b-. Finally, rhythmic ERG showed a reliably inhibited amplitude in all groups.
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