Augmented production of transforming growth factor-beta by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients...

We sought to determine whether the spontaneous production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is increased in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Culture supernatants of PBMC from SSc patients (n = 88) and healthy controls (n = 44) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The production of active TGF-beta1 and total (active and latent) TGF-beta1 by PBMC from patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lSSc) and by PBMC from patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dSSc) was significantly elevated compared to the production by PBMC from normal controls. Production of active TGF-beta1 by dSSc PBMC was higher than that by lSSc PBMC, although not significantly. Patients with PBMC with increased active or total TGF-beta1 production showed significantly shorter disease duration than patients with PBMC with normal production levels. PBMC from patients without anticentromere antibody showed enhanced active TGF-beta1 production more frequently than those from patients with anticentromere antibody. PBMC from SSc patients more frequently showed enhanced total TGF-beta2 production than PBMC from normal controls. Among each leukocyte subset, spontaneous production of total TGF-beta1 was significantly higher in cultured peripheral monocytes/macrophages, but not in T cells, B cells, or NK cells, from patients than from normal controls. Thus, the enhanced production of TGF-beta by PBMC may contribute to the disease process in SSc