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Updated: Aug 24, 2026
Utero-tubal Embryo Transfer and Vasectomy in the Mouse Model
Published on: February 28, 2014
Middle to lower uterine segment embryo transfer improves implantation and pregnancy rates compared with fundal embryo
David Frankfurter1, James B Trimarchi, Celso P Silva
1Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown Medical School Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. dfrankfurter@mfa.gwu.edu
Objective:
To assess differences in pregnancy and implantation rates as a function of the embryo placement.
Design:
Prospective cohort study.
Setting:
A tertiary care center.
Subject(S):
All fresh, nondonor IVF cycles performed in 2001.
Intervention(S):
Alteration in embryo transfer (ET) target location from the fundal region to the middle to lower uterine segment.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Clinical pregnancy rate (sonographic sac evidence/number of transfer cycles), implantation rate (number of sacs/number of embryos transferred), patient age, peak E(2), and fertilization rate.
Result(S):
A total of 393 fundal and 273 lower to middle uterine segment ETs were performed. The pregnancy (PR), implantation, and birth rates were significantly higher after a middle to lower uterine segment ET compared with fundal ET (39.6% vs. 31.2%; 21% vs. 14%; and 34.1% vs. 26.2%, respectively). Groups did not differ regarding patient age, basal FSH, peak E(2), number of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, fertilization rate, embryo quality, or number of embryos transferred.
Conclusion(S):
Both PR and implantation rates are favorably affected by directing embryo placement to the lower to middle uterine segment. By some unknown mechanism, it appears that this endometrial location provides a more favorable region for embryo deposition.
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