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Related Experiment Videos

Wheelchair caster loading during frontal impact.

Gina E Bertocci1, Linda van Roosmalen

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, Injury Risk Assessment and Prevention Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.

Assistive Technology : the Official Journal of RESNA
|May 13, 2004
PubMed
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Wheelchair casters experience significant forces during vehicle transport crashes. Testing revealed that normal caster loading varied greatly based on securement and seating, guiding safer transit wheelchair design.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Product Safety

Background:

  • Wheelchair users often utilize their mobility devices as vehicle seats during transport.
  • Ensuring wheelchair component integrity under crash-level loading is critical for user safety.
  • Wheelchair casters are identified as vulnerable components during impact events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the loading conditions experienced by wheelchair casters during frontal sled impact testing.
  • To investigate the influence of securement methods and seating systems on caster loading.
  • To provide data for the development of transit-safe wheelchair caster designs.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 20g/48 kph frontal sled impact tests using a surrogate wheelchair base (SWCB) with casters on a load-measuring platform.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized an 85-kg SWCB simulating a power wheelchair, occupied by a Hybrid III 50th percentile male test dummy.
  • Varied rear securement point heights and seating systems to assess their impact on caster loading.

    • Main Results:

    • Normal caster loading ranged from 769 to 7,209 N, significantly influenced by rear securement location and seating system integrity.
    • Shear loading varied from 781 to 1,589 N, showing no apparent dependence on seating integrity or rear securement height.
    • Dynamic impact testing demonstrated that caster loading is sensitive to specific securement configurations and seating system performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Wheelchair seating system integrity and rear securement height are key factors affecting normal caster loading during transport impacts.
    • The measured load/time histories provide valuable data for designing more robust and transit-safe wheelchair casters.
    • Further research can leverage these findings to improve the safety and durability of wheelchairs used in motor vehicles.