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Related Experiment Videos

Arctic contaminants: sources, occurrence and pathways.

L A Barrie1, D Gregor, B Hargrave

  • 1Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada.

The Science of the Total Environment
|July 15, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Pollutants like acids, metals, and organic compounds travel long distances to the Arctic. Understanding their pathways through the ocean and atmosphere is crucial for protecting this vulnerable polar region.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Arctic Research
  • Pollution Studies

Background:

  • Long-range transport of pollutants poses a significant threat to the Arctic.
  • Toxic organic compounds, acids, metals, and radionuclides are of increasing concern in the polar region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess the sources, occurrence, history, and pathways of contaminants in the Arctic.
  • To examine the role of ocean and atmospheric circulation as transport media for northern contaminants.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding contaminant pathways, particularly for complex synthetic organic compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a five-compartment model for assessing contaminant pathways in the northern region.
  • Construction of a water mass budget for the Arctic Ocean's surface layer.

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  • Examination of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) as a case study for persistent organochlorine compounds.

    • Main Results:

    • Atmospheric deposition accounts for an estimated 10-14% of anthropogenic sulfur, lead, and cadmium inputs to the Arctic.
    • Knowledge of contaminant pathways is most advanced for acids, metals, and radionuclides, and least for complex synthetic organic compounds.
    • Both the atmosphere and ocean are identified as significant transport media for Arctic contaminants.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the occurrence and environmental fate of synthetic organic compounds like HCH in the Arctic.
    • Further environmental measurements, chemical characterization, and transport modeling are essential.
    • Improved understanding of Arctic Ocean circulation and marine food webs is needed to fully assess contaminant impacts.