Health symptoms caused by molds in a courthouse

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Building Science
• Mycology

Background:

• Historic buildings undergoing renovation can present unique indoor environmental challenges.
• Inadequate thermal and vapor barriers during renovation can lead to moisture issues and mold growth.
• Occupant health symptoms in buildings are often linked to poor indoor air quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the cause of multiple health-related symptoms reported by occupants of a renovated historic courthouse.
• To identify the types of mold present in the building and their potential health implications.
• To assess the effectiveness of building renovations and subsequent remediation strategies.

Main Methods:

• Occupant health surveys to document reported symptoms and recovery times.
• Environmental sampling to identify fungal organisms, including mycotoxin-producing molds.
• Building envelope assessment to determine the cause of moisture intrusion and condensation.
• Comparison of the original building's conditions with the new, modified facility.

Main Results:

• A majority of courthouse occupants reported multiple (≥3) health symptoms, with several experiencing over 10 persistent symptoms.
• Significant mold contamination, including mycotoxin-producing species (e.g., Stachybotrys chartarum, Emericella nidulans) and other genera (Aspergillus, Penicillium), was identified.
• Renovation failures in thermal and vapor barriers led to condensation, mold growth, and dispersal throughout the building.
• Occupants required time outside the building for symptom recovery, indicating a direct link to the indoor environment.

Conclusions:

• The renovation of the historic courthouse failed to prevent moisture intrusion, leading to widespread mold contamination and adverse health effects for occupants.
• The presence of mycotoxin-producing molds suggests a significant health risk within the building.
• Closure of the courthouse and relocation to a new facility with enhanced environmental controls were necessary to accommodate occupants, particularly those with multiple chemical sensitivities.