The acquisiton of time properties associated with a sequential motor skill

Three experiments are reported that examined the relative importance of phasing and duration training in the motor learning of a sequential task. In all three experiments, the task involved knocking down three barriers in a specified order. The Phasing task required the subject to contact each of the barriers in a particular goal time interval, that is, each segment had a particular movement-time goal. The Duration task required the subject to contact the final barrier in a total elapsed-time goal defined by the experimenter. Following training, half of the subjects in each training condition transferred to either a novel Duration or a novel Phasing task. Phasing-trained subjects, compared to Duration-trained subjects, produced equivalent transfer performance on the Duration transfer task but superior performance on the Phasing transfer task. These results suggest that phasing serves as a higher-order source of information for the performer in a sequential motor task. in addition, these experiments complement and extend previous work by Shapiro (1977) and Summers (1975) which demonstrated that learned phasing patterns were not modified despite changes in the overall rate of performing a motor sequence. Our experiments indicate that phasing training increases the performer's sensitivity to phasing patterns such that novel temporal patterns can be produced when they are well-defined.