Memory for movement in blind children: the role of previous visual experience

The role of previous visual experience in the reproduction of a criterion movement was examined in sighted, late-blinded, and congenitally blind children. Results showed that the congenitally blind reproduce movements at a low level of accuracy compared with the other two groups. Detailed analysis showed that although the congenitally blind could reproduce the extent of the movement accurately, the movement was poorly reproduced in terms of its orientation to the criterion movement and its orientation from a reference point. The role of prior vision in establishing a frame of reference is discussed.